- by The Intraneuron Editorial Team
- Feb. 15, 2025
- Cognitive Health
For the first time, people diagnosed with early-stage Alzheimer’s have access to FDA-approved treatments that do more than manage symptoms—they can actually slow the disease’s progression. These new medications are helping individuals hold on to memory, thinking skills, and everyday independence for several months longer than previously possible, marking a breakthrough in Alzheimer’s care.
New Alzheimer’s Treatments
Alzheimer’s disease gradually impairs memory, thinking, and the ability to perform daily activities. For decades, available treatments could only address symptoms temporarily.
The recent FDA approval of new medications represents a significant development in Alzheimer’s care, as these are the first treatments designed to potentially slow disease progression by targeting one of its underlying biological causes.
These new medications slow cognitive decline by 27 to 35% compared to a placebo and extend independent living by 5 to 12 months for many study participants.
The Science Behind the New Treatments
Researchers have identified two key abnormalities in Alzheimer’s-affected brains: amyloid plaques that form between brain cells and tau tangles that develop inside them.
The newly approved medications focus specifically on amyloid plaques – sticky protein deposits that accumulate years before symptoms appear. By helping to clear these plaques, the treatments aim to slow the disease’s progression rather than just manage its symptoms.
Currently Available Treatment Options
Leqembi (lecanemab), approved in 2023, was the first of these new-generation treatments to demonstrate clear clinical benefits. Administered through biweekly intravenous infusions, clinical trials showed it could slow cognitive decline by approximately 27% compared to placebo.
In practical terms, this translated to about 5–8 additional months of maintained cognitive abilities and independence for many participants. Treatment requires confirmation of amyloid presence through specialized testing and involves regular MRI monitoring due to potential side effects including brain swelling or bleeding.
Kisunla (donanemab), approved in 2024, works similarly but with monthly infusions. Trial data indicated a 35% slowing of decline, offering participants 7–12 more months before reaching the next disease stage.
A unique aspect of this treatment is the possibility of discontinuing infusions if amyloid levels drop sufficiently, though this requires careful medical supervision. Like Leqembi, it necessitates regular brain scans to monitor for potential side effects.
Aduhelm (aducanumab), while historically significant as the first amyloid-targeting treatment approved in 2021, has seen limited use due to less consistent clinical benefits and significant side effect risks.
Most specialists now consider the newer options to have more robust evidence supporting their use for appropriate candidates.
Preserve Cognitive Skills and Everyday Independence
These treatments may help preserve cognitive function and daily living abilities longer than previous options could.
The additional time gained varies by individual but often means several more months of managing personal care, making decisions, and engaging in familiar activities.
Importantly, these medications don’t reverse existing damage or stop the disease permanently – they aim to slow its progression, particularly in early stages.
Important Practical Considerations
Treatment requires commitment to regular clinic visits for infusions and follow-up scans. Patients must have confirmed early-stage Alzheimer’s with amyloid buildup to qualify.
While Medicare covers the newer options for eligible patients, individuals should verify their specific coverage details.
Potential side effects, though usually manageable with monitoring, require careful discussion with healthcare providers.
Next Steps for Those Seeking Information
Individuals interested in learning more about these options should consult with memory specialists who can provide detailed explanations tailored to specific situations.
Diagnosis confirmation, including amyloid testing, represents an essential first step before considering treatment.
Comprehensive discussions should weigh potential benefits against treatment demands and individual health circumstances.
Where Do Verbal Memory Exams Fit?
Before pursuing advanced Alzheimer’s treatments, patients must confirm early-stage cognitive decline and the presence of amyloid plaques. However, many individuals may experience memory changes long before they qualify for imaging or medication.
This is where Verbal Memory Exams play a vital role.
These scientifically validated, self-administered assessments can:
- Detect early cognitive changes, especially in verbal memory and fluency—areas often affected first in Alzheimer’s.
- Help identify who might benefit from further diagnostic evaluation, including amyloid testing or consultation with a memory specialist.
- Provide an accessible, at-home screening tool for those concerned about memory changes but not yet diagnosed.
Unlike amyloid PET scans or spinal taps, verbal memory exams offer a low-cost, no-risk starting point that empowers individuals to take early action.
By identifying subtle impairments earlier, these exams may help individuals:
- Monitor their cognitive health over time
- Decide when to seek more specialized care
- Begin lifestyle changes that may delay further decline
A Note on Continuing Research
The development of these treatments marks an important step forward, but research continues to refine their use and develop additional options.
Scientists are actively investigating treatments targeting other aspects of Alzheimer’s pathology, including tau tangles and inflammatory processes, which may lead to further advances in coming years.
Disclaimer: This article is informational only. It does not constitute medical advice or recommendation. Treatment decisions should be made in consultation with qualified healthcare professionals who can evaluate individual circumstances.